Post by obama on Jan 5, 2015 6:03:49 GMT
Non Lethal/Directed Energy Terms, Definitions:
Active Denial System: a riot control weapon of sorts, able to disperse an unruly mob with its bursts of pain. ADS emits a beam of radiation (Millimeter wave) with a wavelength of 3 mm. It uses high powered microwaves to penetrate less than a millimeter into the target's skin where the nerve endings are located. At 95 GHz, the frequency is much higher than the 2.45 GHz of a microwave oven.
Active Denial System II: In 2011, the ADS was redesigned to make it smaller, more reliable, and able to be used on the move. ADS II is being designed to operate from moving aircraft, as well as moving ground vehicles. The redesign does not address problems in different environmental conditions.
Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs): An electroshock weapon such as a Taser mostly used by law enforcement. Due to increased interest in developing non-lethal weapons, mainly from the U.S. Military, a number of new types of electroshock weapon are being researched. They are designed to provide a "ranged" non-lethal weapon.
Directed energy weapons: are weapons that emit energy in an aimed direction without the means of a projectile. They are non-lethal and can immobilize people as well as machines (e.g. vehicles). Directed energy weapons include electromagnetic weapons, (including laser weapons), particle beam weapons, and sonic weapons.
Human Effectiveness Directorate. Directed Energy Bioeffects Division (RHD): the biological effects of directed energy weapons, so researchers can develop non-lethal weapons and the defensive means to protect from this type of weapon. RHD relies on its core competencies in optical radiation, radio frequency radiation, microwave radiation, electromagnetic propagation in biological materials and biotechnology research.
Human effects testing: Testing that was conducted using the large-scale version of ADS included more than 11,000 exposures on over 700 volunteers.
www.jnlwp.com/misc/fact_sheets/ADT%20Fact%20Sheet%20Aug%2009%20FINAL.pdf
Infrared (IR): is invisible radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz) to 1 mm (300 GHz) (although people can see infrared up to at least 1050 nm in experiments). Most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared. Commonly used sub-division scheme: Near-infrared, Short-wavelength infrared, Mid-wavelength infrared, Long-wavelength infrared "thermal infrared.", Far-infrared far-infrared laser.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU): is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies
ITU radio bands: are designations defined in the ITU Radio Regulations. Article 2, provision No. 2.1 states that "the radio spectrum shall be subdivided into nine frequency bands, which shall be designated by progressive whole numbers in accordance with the following table: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum#ITU
JNWLD (Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate Technology Division): manages the Pentagon’s non-lethal weapons program and coordinates tests.
Lethal Force Multiplier: Non lethal weapons may not be used as an alternative to lethal force but as a lethal force multiplier. That you use non lethal weapons first so your lethal weapons will be more effective. The people you are shooting at will not be able to get out of the way. They are not going to be aware of what is happening so you can kill them better.
Source: ed.ted.com/lessons/the-moral-dangers-of-non-lethal-weapons-stephen-coleman
National Institute of Justice (NIJ): is focused on advancing technology for criminal justice application. Areas of technology research and development include biometrics, communications interoperability, information technology, less-lethal technologies (e.g. tasers, Silent Guardian), and officer safety including bullet-proof vests.
Non-lethal stimuli: Non-lethal weapons being used on a person/TI (hit location on different parts of the human body).
Nonlethal weapons (NLW), “less-than-lethal": are weapons intended to be less likely to kill a living target than conventional weapons. This includes directed energy, focused high frequency microwave such as the Active Denial System.
Microwave Auditory Effect: also known as the microwave hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of audible clicks (or, with speech modulation, spoken words) induced by pulsed/modulated microwave frequencies. In 2003, the US Navy conducted research on an MAE system they called MEDUSA (Mob Excess Deterrent Using Silent Audio) as a way to remotely, temporarily incapacitate personnel. The system was designed by WaveBand Corporation in 2003-2004. The system relied on the principle of MAE, varying the power and parameters of the microwave pulses “to raise the auditory sensation to the ‘discomfort’ level, deterring personnel from entering a protected perimeter or, if necessary, temporarily incapacitating particular individuals.
Millimeter waves (MMW or mmW): Extremely high frequency (EHF) is the ITU designation for the band of radio frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum from 30 to 300 gigahertz, above which electromagnetic radiation is considered to be low (or far) infrared light, also referred to as terahertz radiation. Radio waves in this band have wavelengths from ten to one millimetre, giving it the name millimetre band or millimetre wave, sometimes abbreviated MMW or mmW. Millimeter waves are used in the Active Denial System (ADS). Millimeter waves do go through clothing.
Pain ray dummies: A sensor-outfitted “human surrogate” or test target for use in an array of non-lethal weapon tests.
Electromagnetic spectrum: is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation, EMR, or light): is a form of energy released by electromagnetic processes.
Electromagnetic waves: can be characterized by either the frequency or wavelength of their oscillations to form the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes, in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.
The Pentagon: headquarters of U.S. Department of Defense.
Solid-state electronics: are those circuits or devices built entirely from solid materials and in which the electrons, or other charge carriers, are confined entirely within the solid material. The U.S. military is trying to get away from Gyrotrons (used in Active Denial devices) and replace them with solid-state electronics.
Thermal Laser System: uses an infrared laser instead of short microwaves. Can be blocked by clothing. Field-testing by Joint Nonlethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD)
Active Denial System: a riot control weapon of sorts, able to disperse an unruly mob with its bursts of pain. ADS emits a beam of radiation (Millimeter wave) with a wavelength of 3 mm. It uses high powered microwaves to penetrate less than a millimeter into the target's skin where the nerve endings are located. At 95 GHz, the frequency is much higher than the 2.45 GHz of a microwave oven.
Active Denial System II: In 2011, the ADS was redesigned to make it smaller, more reliable, and able to be used on the move. ADS II is being designed to operate from moving aircraft, as well as moving ground vehicles. The redesign does not address problems in different environmental conditions.
Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs): An electroshock weapon such as a Taser mostly used by law enforcement. Due to increased interest in developing non-lethal weapons, mainly from the U.S. Military, a number of new types of electroshock weapon are being researched. They are designed to provide a "ranged" non-lethal weapon.
- The electrolaser is a prototype weapon that uses a laser to create a conducting ionized channel through the air.
- A shockround is a piezo-electric projectile that generates and releases electric charge on impact.
Directed energy weapons: are weapons that emit energy in an aimed direction without the means of a projectile. They are non-lethal and can immobilize people as well as machines (e.g. vehicles). Directed energy weapons include electromagnetic weapons, (including laser weapons), particle beam weapons, and sonic weapons.
Human Effectiveness Directorate. Directed Energy Bioeffects Division (RHD): the biological effects of directed energy weapons, so researchers can develop non-lethal weapons and the defensive means to protect from this type of weapon. RHD relies on its core competencies in optical radiation, radio frequency radiation, microwave radiation, electromagnetic propagation in biological materials and biotechnology research.
Human effects testing: Testing that was conducted using the large-scale version of ADS included more than 11,000 exposures on over 700 volunteers.
www.jnlwp.com/misc/fact_sheets/ADT%20Fact%20Sheet%20Aug%2009%20FINAL.pdf
Infrared (IR): is invisible radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz) to 1 mm (300 GHz) (although people can see infrared up to at least 1050 nm in experiments). Most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared. Commonly used sub-division scheme: Near-infrared, Short-wavelength infrared, Mid-wavelength infrared, Long-wavelength infrared "thermal infrared.", Far-infrared far-infrared laser.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU): is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies
ITU radio bands: are designations defined in the ITU Radio Regulations. Article 2, provision No. 2.1 states that "the radio spectrum shall be subdivided into nine frequency bands, which shall be designated by progressive whole numbers in accordance with the following table: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum#ITU
JNWLD (Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate Technology Division): manages the Pentagon’s non-lethal weapons program and coordinates tests.
Lethal Force Multiplier: Non lethal weapons may not be used as an alternative to lethal force but as a lethal force multiplier. That you use non lethal weapons first so your lethal weapons will be more effective. The people you are shooting at will not be able to get out of the way. They are not going to be aware of what is happening so you can kill them better.
Source: ed.ted.com/lessons/the-moral-dangers-of-non-lethal-weapons-stephen-coleman
National Institute of Justice (NIJ): is focused on advancing technology for criminal justice application. Areas of technology research and development include biometrics, communications interoperability, information technology, less-lethal technologies (e.g. tasers, Silent Guardian), and officer safety including bullet-proof vests.
Non-lethal stimuli: Non-lethal weapons being used on a person/TI (hit location on different parts of the human body).
Nonlethal weapons (NLW), “less-than-lethal": are weapons intended to be less likely to kill a living target than conventional weapons. This includes directed energy, focused high frequency microwave such as the Active Denial System.
Microwave Auditory Effect: also known as the microwave hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of audible clicks (or, with speech modulation, spoken words) induced by pulsed/modulated microwave frequencies. In 2003, the US Navy conducted research on an MAE system they called MEDUSA (Mob Excess Deterrent Using Silent Audio) as a way to remotely, temporarily incapacitate personnel. The system was designed by WaveBand Corporation in 2003-2004. The system relied on the principle of MAE, varying the power and parameters of the microwave pulses “to raise the auditory sensation to the ‘discomfort’ level, deterring personnel from entering a protected perimeter or, if necessary, temporarily incapacitating particular individuals.
Millimeter waves (MMW or mmW): Extremely high frequency (EHF) is the ITU designation for the band of radio frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum from 30 to 300 gigahertz, above which electromagnetic radiation is considered to be low (or far) infrared light, also referred to as terahertz radiation. Radio waves in this band have wavelengths from ten to one millimetre, giving it the name millimetre band or millimetre wave, sometimes abbreviated MMW or mmW. Millimeter waves are used in the Active Denial System (ADS). Millimeter waves do go through clothing.
Pain ray dummies: A sensor-outfitted “human surrogate” or test target for use in an array of non-lethal weapon tests.
Electromagnetic spectrum: is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation, EMR, or light): is a form of energy released by electromagnetic processes.
Electromagnetic waves: can be characterized by either the frequency or wavelength of their oscillations to form the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes, in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.
- S band: is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is defined by an IEEE standard for radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 to 4 GHz, crossing the conventional boundary between UHF and SHF at 3.0 GHz.
donsnotes.com/tech/em-spectrum.html - W band: the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from 75 to 110 GHz, wavelength ~2.7-4 mm. The W band is used for satellite communications, millimeter-wave radar research, military radar targeting and tracking applications, and some non-military applications. Less-than-lethal weaponry exists that uses millimeter waves to heat a thin layer of human skin to an intolerable temperature so as to make the targeted person move away. A two-second burst of the 95 GHz focused beam heats the skin to a temperature of 130 °F (54 °C) at a depth of 1/64 of an inch (0.4 mm). The United States Air Force and Marines are currently using this type of Active Denial System.
donsnotes.com/tech/em-spectrum.html
The Pentagon: headquarters of U.S. Department of Defense.
Solid-state electronics: are those circuits or devices built entirely from solid materials and in which the electrons, or other charge carriers, are confined entirely within the solid material. The U.S. military is trying to get away from Gyrotrons (used in Active Denial devices) and replace them with solid-state electronics.
Thermal Laser System: uses an infrared laser instead of short microwaves. Can be blocked by clothing. Field-testing by Joint Nonlethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD)
